Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen (1880 - 1923)

Baron Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen was a French aristocrat, a novelist and poet. In 1903, after a scandal involving Parisian schoolboys had made him a persona non grata in the salons and dashed his marriage plans, he took up residence in Capri, where he lived with his longtime boyfriend and ’secretary’, Nino Cesarini until his death in 1923.

D’Adelswärd-Fersen’s grandfather had founded a steel empire, which was profitable enough that it made d’Adelswärd-Fersen exceedingly wealthy when he inherited at age 22. Consequently, he was much sought-after in the higher circles, as families hoped to marry him to one of their daughters. Apart from joining the military, d’Adelswärd-Fersen had already travelled extensively and published some poems. At around this time, his homosexual leanings became apparent to him, which are also relatively clearly addressed in his poetry. Unfortunately for him, he was not sexually interested in adult men (which at the time in France would not have brought him into legal trouble) but in teenage boys between about 15 and 17 years old. This inclination eventually caused his undoing in French society.  In 1903, accusations surfaced that the Baron had held Black Masses in his house at 18 Avenue de Friedland. Supposedly these orgiastic feasts were attended by local Parisian schoolboys and involved sexual misconduct between the Baron and the boys. He was charged with indecent behavior with minors and served a six-month prison sentence, was fined 50 francs and lost his civil rights for five years.

The scandal bears some similarities with the trial of Oscar Wilde in 1895, who also experienced great social degradation after a public trial finding him guilty of ‘gross indecency with other male persons’. Perhaps d’Adelswärd-Fersen was lucky in that his feasts were also attended by other notable figures of Parisian high society, which more or less forced the court to drop some charges to minimise the impact of the scandal. After his marriage plans were foiled, d’Adelswärd-Fersen remembered the island of Capri from his youth and decided to build a house there.

Lord Lyllian, published in 1905,  one of d’Adelswärd-Fersen’s novels and perhaps his most important work, satirising the scandal around himself in Paris, with touches of the Oscar Wilde affair thrown in for good measure. The hero, Lord Lyllian, departs on a wild odyssey of sexual debauchery, is seduced by a character that seems to resemble Oscar Wilde, falls in love with girls and boys, and is finally killed by a boy. The public outcry about the supposed Black Masses is also charicatured. The work is an audacious mix of fact and fiction, including four characters that are alter egos of d’Adelswärd-Fersen himself.

Akademos. Revue Mensuelle d’Art Libre et de Critique was d’Adelswärd-Fersen’s short-lived attempt at publishing a monthly journal promoting pederastic love. When the premiere issue of Akademos came out in 1909, it was the first publication of its kind in the French language. Thematically, it trod somewhat similar ground as the German journal Der Eigene, published between 1896 and 1931 by Adolf Brand. This is not a coincidence, as d’Adelswärd-Fersen studied the German publications that tried to push for the social acceptance of homosexuality before launching Akademos. Also, he corresponded with both Brand and Magnus Hirschfeld.

D’Adelswärd-Fersen frequently organised parties in his splendid villa, to which all the intellectuals and ‘eccentric’ travellers staying on the island of Capri were invited. The Baron lived for twenty years on the island; his death here, possibly suicidal, is thought to have been caused by an overdose of cocaine. His ashes are kept in Capri’s non-catholic cemetery.

An article about the life of Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen can be found here.

 Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen

Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen (1880 - 1923)

Baron Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen war ein französischer Aristokrat, Autor und Dichter. Nachdem ihn 1903 ein Skandal in den Pariser Schuljungen involviert waren zur Persona non Grata in den Salons machte und seine Heiratspläne zu Nichte machte ließ er sich auf Capri nieder wo er mit seinem langjährigen Liebhaber und “Sekretär” Nino Cesarini bis zu seinem Tod im Jahre 1923 lebte.

D’Adelswärd-Fersens Großvater hatte ein Stahl-Imperium aufgebaut, das profitable genug war um D’Adelswärd-Fersen außerordentlich reich zu machen als er das Erbe mit 22 antrat. Folglich war er in den höheren Kreisen eine sehr begehrte Partie, da viele Familien hofften ihn mit einer ihrer Töchter verheiraten zu können. Neben seinem Eintritt ins Militär hatte D’Adelswärd-Fersens schon ausgedehnte Reisen gemacht und einige Gedichte veröffentlicht. Etwa in diesem Zeitraum wurd er er sich seiner homosexuellen Neigungen bewusst, die auch relativ deutlich in seiner Lyrik zur Sprache kommen. Er war, aus seiner Lage betrachtet unglücklicherweise, nicht an erwachsenen Männern interessiert (was ihm im Frankreich dieser Zeit nicht in rechtliche Schwierigkeiten gebracht hätte) sondern an Jungen im Alter zwischen 15 und 17. Diese Neigung sollte ihm schließlich gesellschaftlich das Genick brechen. 1903 wurden Anschuldigungen laut, er würde in seinem Haus in der 18 Avenue de Friedland Schwarze Messen abhalten. Angeblich wurden diese Feste auch von einigen Pariser Schuljungen besucht, wobei es auch zu sexuellen Handlungen zwischen dem Baron und den Jungen gekommen sein soll. Er wurde wegen unzüchtigen Handlungen mit Minderjährigen verurteilt, saß eine sechsmonatige Gefängnisstrafe ab, musste 50 Franc Strafe zahlen und verlor für fünf Jahre seine Bürgerechte.

Dieser Skandal weist einige Ähnlichkeiten zum Fall von Oscar Wilde im Jahr 1895 auf, welcher ebenfalls große soziale Ächtung erfuhr nachdem er in einem öffentlichen Prozess der “groben Unzucht mit anderen männlichen Personen” schuldig gesprochen wurde. Vielleicht hatte D’Adelswärd-Fersen Glück, dass zu seinen Festen auch andere angesehene Persönlichkeiten der Pariser High Society kamen, was das Gericht mehr oder weniger zwang einige Anschuldigungen fallen zu lassen um die Auswirkungen des Skandals zu minimieren. Nachdem seine Heiratspläne durchkreuzt waren entschloss sich D’Adelswärd-Fersen ein Haus auf der Insel Capri zu bauen, an die er sich aus seiner Jugend erinnerte.

Lord Lyllian, 1905 veröffentlicht, einer von D’Adelswärd-Fersens Romanen und sein vielleicht wichtigstes Werk, persifliert den Skandal um seine Person in Paris, mit einigen Elementen der Affäre um Oscar Wilde als Zugabe. Der Held, Lord Lyllian, erlebt eine wilde Odyssee sexueller Ausschweifungen, wird von einem Charakter verfuhrt der Oscar Wilde zu ähneln scheint, verliebt sich Mädchen und Jungen und wird letztlich von einem Jungen getötet. Das öffentliche Entsetzen über die angeblichen Schwarzen Messen wird ebenfalls karikiert. Das Werk ist eine tollkühne Mischung aus Wahrheit und Fiktion mit vier Charakteren die Alter Egos D’Adelswärd-Fersens sind.

Akademos. Revue Mensuelle d’Art Libre et de Critique war D’Adelswärd-Fersens kurzlebiger Versuch, ein monatlich erscheinendes Magazin zu versoffenlichten, dass die päderastische Liebe propagierte. Als die erste Ausgabe von Akademos 1909 erschien, war sie die erste Publikation ihrer Art in französischer Sprache. Thematisch ähnelte sie dem Magazin Der Eigene, das 1896 und 1931 von Adolf Brand herausgegeben wurde. Dies war kein Zufall, da D’Adelswärd-Fersen die deutschen Veröffentlichungen studierte, die sich für die Akzeptanz der Homosexualität einsetzten, bevor er Akademos gründete. Er korrespondierte außerdem mit Brand wie auch mit Magnus Hirschfeld.

D’Adelswärd-Fersen organisierte regelmäßig Partys in seiner prächtigen Villa, zu denen die Intellektuellen und “exzentrischen” Reisenden die sich auf der Insel aufhielten eingeladen wurden. Der Baron lebte zwanzig Jahre lang auf der Insel. Sein Tod, möglicherweise selbst herbeigeführt, wird einer Überdosis Kokain zugeschrieben. Seine Asche wir auf Capris nicht-katholischem Friedhof aufbewahrt.

Eine Biographie über Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen ist in der Bibliothek Rosa Winkel erschienen und kann hier bestellt werden.

 

Fersens Villa Lysis on Capri. More photos available here.

 [Text by Wikipedia & GLBTQ Encyclopedia. German translation by milkboys]

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9 Responses to “Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen”
  1. Karl Identicon Icon Karl says:

    Lovely, Josh. Thanks for attending to those of us who voted “queer history”. :) (Hey, we are 1,7 percent!)

    Interesting with his journal. It was probably quite fashionable to publish one at the time - remember John Henry Mackay.

  2. Tristan Identicon Icon Tristan says:

    Thanks Josh, interesting stuff! Keep up the good works! Peace Tristan

  3. mat Identicon Icon mat says:

    Very interesting indeed ^^)

  4. Octavian Identicon Icon Octavian says:

    I agree with Karl, Tristan and Mat. I’ve never heard of the guy before - but now I want to know more… Thanks for posting this really interesting piece.

  5. starboy Identicon Icon starboy says:

    It is a bold decision to put a big slap of words here on the blog,since all the young kids bitch all the time if they have to read more than ten lines,and most people cave in on those protests.Glad to see you dont,that`ll teach them, those spoilt egocentric couldnt/care lesskids of today with an attentionspan of a newyork minute!!.Its time for yalls education!!culture !! hooray for Josh.ciao starboy.

  6. easyimaclergyman Identicon Icon easyimaclergyman says:

    wow, im 18 and i take offense to all that you said there starboy, but moving on, this story, for some strange striking fancy, reminds me of the movie cruel intentions with ronald phillpe and sarah michelle gellar. which ironically is based on a book about french aristocrats and literally transliterated into enlish. really interesting to go back and watch it now 10 years later because it really strikes chords about human sexuality and the relationship between puritans, hedonists and those in the middle grounds. the latter being the most foolish, former the most tortured and the first the most self loathing. ^_^

  7. Lucian Identicon Icon Lucian says:

    Thank you for drawing our attention to this intriguing figure, of whom I’d heard absolutely nothing before now. As I’m only sixteen (so there, Starboy), I’ve only recently become aware of the Uranian poets and contemporary homosexual and pederastic movements; d’Adelswärd-Fersen adds a little extra depth to the picture. Like some of the previous commentators, I’d like to voice my support for these astute posts, and for more exploration of queer history: I personally find it fascinating to delve into my “heritage” as an ephebophile and homosexual, and I imagine there are others out there who feel the same. Moreover, the peculiar isolation of those in a sexual minority (in comparison to other minority groups) means that sources such as this outstanding blog are often the only points of access to that heritage.

    It’s strange: in many ways I’ve grown up with Wilde (I remember The Selfish Giant being read to me when I was very young), and I always had an inkling of how much he suffered for his sexuality, but not until this year have I begun to appreciate what a genius he truly was. Perhaps the witticisms and the aestheticism tend to disguise it, but it’s undeniably there: witness the eloquence of his famous impromptu oratory at his trial: -

    “The Love that dare not speak its name” in this century is such a great affection of an elder for a younger man as there was between David and Jonathan, such as Plato made the very basis of his philosophy, and such as you find in the sonnets of Michelangelo and Shakespeare. It is that deep, spiritual affection that is as pure as it is perfect. It dictates and pervades great works of art like those of Shakespeare and Michelangelo, and those two letters of mine, such as they are. It is in this century misunderstood, so much misunderstood that it may be described as the “Love that dare not speak its name,” and on account of it I am placed where I am now. It is beautiful, it is fine, it is the noblest form of affection. There is nothing unnatural about it. It is intellectual, and it repeatedly exists between an elder and a younger man, when the elder man has intellect, and the younger man has all the joy, hope and glamour of life before him. That it should be so, the world does not understand. The world mocks at it and sometimes puts one in the pillory for it.”

    If anyone’s interested, there’s a clip of the wonderful Stephen Fry delivering it here; I think it derives from a film: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=253cKBOW4I4

    Sorry for being verbose. Speak its name!

  8. erik Identicon Icon erik says:

    krupp?

  9. Josh Identicon Icon Josh says:

    Thanks for your comments boys, I knew some people would appreciate it.

    @erik
    Nah, Krupp is elder and German ^^

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